Chapter 11




Map of Europe

 

Section 1
1. Many natural forces sculpt Europe's land formations. One example of a glaciation-affected land form is Ben Nevis. An example of a land form affected by wind is Northern European Plain. A third example, of land forms shaped by tectonic or volcanic activity would be the Pyrenees Mountains.

2. Rivers are vital to Europe's economy because they act as trade ways that allow vessels and cargo ships to travel into Europe's interior, with the aid of canals.




map of Rhine River

 creative writing: There are many economical and political disputes about and over the Rhine River, which flows through three countries from its source in the Swiss Alps, along part of the border between France and Germany, through Germany for most of its length, to its final destination in the North Sea off the Netherlands. First of all, as both an economic and political issue, both Germany and France share a border formed by the Rhine. This river is disputed over because of the confusion of whether that certain stretch is owned by France or Germany, and whether or not either country can modify the river with the creation of dams or canals. secondly, if any country does dam the river, its flow into the Netherlands will be greatly reduced, and travel up and downstream will be affected. And a third challenge that the countries along the Rhine River face is the pollution that is produced from industries along the river. If a stretch of river close to its source is contaminated, then the rest of the river will be too.




map of Europe's average temp.

 Section 2 1. The major influences on climate in Europe are latitude, wind, land forms and ocean currents.

2. Winds affect the climate regions of Europe by bringing warm, moist air from the waters in the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current into western Europe.

creative writing: The city of Dublin, Ireland, is at about 53° N latitude, and has an average January high temperature of about 44° F (about 6.6° C). The city of Duluth, Minnesota, is at about 48° N latitude, and has an average January high temperature of about 16° F (about –8.88° C). the reason for the higher average temperature is because the warm winds that blow off the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current keep the air i western Europe from becoming colder, while Minnesota, having so such winds, becomes much colder in the winter.